1. Fill out the blanks with the most appropriate English word(s).

• [19] ( dependability ) is the degree to which each program module relies on each one of the other modules. ( Localization ) is a measure of how strongly-related and focused the various responsibilities of a software module are. It is often desirable to minimize ( dependability ) because ( modularity ).
• [19] Dynamic memory allocation means memory allocation occurs at ( ).
• [19] In C++, file open mode ios::app means all output operations are performed at ( ) of the file, ( ) the content to the current content of the file.
• [19] file stream classes : C++ provides following classes to perform file processing:
  • ofstream : stream class to write on files
  • ( ifstream ) : stream class to read from files
  • ( fstream ) : stream class to read and write from/to files
• [19] One of the formal definitions of ( ) is "the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to ( ) obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently"
• [19] Using ( ) variables can be dangerous because it can make all modules dependent on one another.
• [19] ( ) is a programming and design technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation. Interface is the outside or service view, describing ( ) an object does. Implementation is the inside vie w, describing ( ) an object does.
• [18] Fred Brooks stated that over 90% of ( ) of a typical system arise in ( ) phase.
• [18] ( ) means the ability to rely on the software to function properly when needed.
• [18] Using global variables is dangerous mainly because this makes all modules (d. ) one another.
• [18] Constructor is a special member function that is automatically called when ( ) is ( ). The name of a constructor is the same as the name of ( ). Normally, you should put code in a constructor to ( ) member variables of a class.
• [16] Coupling means the degree to which the ability to fulfill a certain responsibility ( ) the actions of another component. It is desirable to ( ) coupling.
• [16] ( ) is an instance of a class. l Using global variables can be dangerous because it can make all modules (d. ) on one another.
• [16] Goals of software engineering are (i) (e. ), (ii) (f. )
• [16] (g. ) is a programming and design technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation. Interface is the outside or service view, describing (h. ) an object does. Implementation is the inside view, describing (i. ) an object does.
• [15] In C++, If we do not (a. ) in a class, the compiler would generate a default constructor.
• [15] Definition of software engineering: the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to (b. ) obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently. One of the main goals of software engineering is to minimize (c. ) of software development and maintenance.
• [15] In the concept of information hiding, (d. ) of an object can be modified only through (e. ).
• [15] Good SW design recognizes the inevitability of (f. ) and plans an accommodation for them from the very beginning.